Lesson 13 : Multivariate
Analysis
Each question has only one best answer. Circle clearly the letter of the best answer. If
you make a mistake, cross out the circle, and write the letter in capitals next
to the question. If a question has both a capital letter and is circled, the
letter will be considered to be the answer.
1.
Why
would you want to use multivariate analysis?
a.
To
describe the central tendency and distribution of multiple variables.
b.
To
describe how an interval-level variable covaries with another interval-level
variable.
c.
To
test whether the relationship between an interval-level variable and a
categorical variable is significant.
d.
To
find out how multiple variables are related to develop a causal theory for
these relationships.
e.
None
of the above.
2.
What
is the elaboration method?
a.
Complicated
phenomena require elaborate explanations; hence the name elaboration method
b.
Elaboration
involves teasing out the complexities of a bivariate relationship by controlling
for the effects of an antecedent or an intervening variable.
c.
Putting
multiple variables into a single equation that simultaneously takes into
account the interactions among all the variables.
d.
Testing
specific theories about how the independent variables in a multiple regression
influence each other.
e.
None
of the above.
3.
Tom
finds that there is a moderately strong relationship between education and
knowledge of email. He looks at the relationship across men and women and finds
that, in the sample of women, the relationship is very strong while in the
sample of men the relationship disappears. What kind of analysis is Tom doing?
a.
Partial
correlation
b.
Multiple
regression
c.
Elaboration
d.
Multidimensional
scaling
e.
Bivariate
analysis
4.
Holly
is studying the relationship between computer use and levels of online
purchasing. She is looking for a direct way to control for the effects of three
other variables in this relationship. What kind of analysis should she
consider?
a.
Partial
correlation
b.
The
elaboration method
c.
Zero-order
correlation
d.
ANOVA
e.
None
of the above.
5.
What
does r 12·3 mean?
a.
The
explained variance of variables 1,2, and 3
b.
The
multiple R of a three-way
intersect.
c.
The
partial correlation of r with variable 3, controlling for variables 1
and 2.
d.
The
correlation between variable 1 and variable 2, controlling variable 3.
e.
None
of the above.
6.
Which
statistic represents the amount of variance in the dependent variable accounted
for by two or more independent variables simultaneously?
a.
Multiple
R.
b.
Multiple
R 2
c.
Pearson’s
r 2
d.
Partial
correlations
e.
Elaboration
method
7.
What
is the general regression equation for two independent variables?
a.
y= a + b
b.
y= a + bx
c.
y = a + b1x1
d.
y = a + b1x1 + b2x2
e.
y = a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3
8.
Steve
wants to know how age and income affect time online. He knows from the
zero-order correlations that age accounts for 13% of the variance, and income
accounts for 26% of the variance, in time online. What can Steve predict about
the multiple R2 when he examines the effect of age and
income together?
a.
R2 = .39
b.
R2 > .39
c.
R2 < .39
d.
R2 = .13
e.
He
can’t tell until he runs the multiple regression with both variables.
9.
Tim
wants to know what factors affect distance learning test scores. He collects
data on 15 different independent variables. Tim uses a computer software
package to identify a subset of these independent variables that explains the
scores. The program first identifies the independent variable that correlates
best with the dependent variable, then incrementally adds additional variables
that increase the explain variance by at least 1%. What kind of analysis is Tim
using?
a.
Factor
analysis
b.
Path
analysis
c.
Simple
regression
d.
Multiple
regression
e.
Stepwise
multiple regression
10.
Emmanuel
is trying to understand technology implementation in organizations. He thinks
that technology use depends on the organization budget, its annual staff
turnover, its IT training budget, task
security, privacy, and mobility requirements. Emmanuel wants to test a conceptual
model for how the independent variables affect each other and technology use.
What kind of analysis should Emmanuel use?
a.
Simple
regression.
b.
Multiple
regression
c.
Stepwise
multiple regression
d.
Path
analysis
e.
Multidimensional
scaling
11.
When
does multi-collinearity occur?
a.
Whenever
a researcher uses more than three or four independent variables to predict a
dependent variable.
b.
Whenever
a researcher examines two or more dependent variables that are themselves
related.
c.
Whenever
the researcher is unsure of the direction of causality.
d.
When
two or more independent variables are highly correlated such that it is
difficult to determine their separate effects on the dependent variable.
e.
None
of the above.
12.
Tina
wants to measure what users experience when they view websites. During her
exploratory data collection phase, Tina asks users who have just viewed a
website to rate their experience on 30 different variables. Tina wants to
reduce her 30 variables into a smaller number of related, underlying dimensions.
What kind of analysis should she consider?
a.
Multiple
regression
b.
Stepwise
multiple regression
c.
Partial
regression
d.
Factor
analysis
e.
Multi-collinerarity.
13.
There
are different kinds of factor analysis. What kind identifies factors that have
as little correlation with each other as possible?
a.
Orthogonal
solution
b.
Diagonal
solution
c.
Partial
solution
d.
Bivariate
solution
e.
None
of the above.
14.
Factor
analysis uses a set of original variables to generate a new set of super variables or factors. What are
factor loadings?
a.
The
degree to which factors are correlated with each other
b.
The
correlations between the original variables and the new variables or factors
c.
The
correlations of each respondent to each factor.
d.
The
degree to which each factor explains the variance in the original data set
e.
None
of the above.
15.
John
has just finished asking informants to sort 10 kinds of web search methods into
piles based on their similarities. After aggregating his data, John has a 10-by-10
similarity matrix. What kind of analysis should John use if he wants to
visually depict how people think search methods are similar to each other?
a.
Factor
analysis
b.
Path
analysis
c.
Multidimensional
scaling
d.
Discriminant
function analysis
e.
Correspondence
analysis.
16.
If
you had a similarity matrix of 10 items, what is the maximum number of
dimensions you would need to plot the items perfectly (i.e., without any
stress) using multidimensional scaling?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
5
d.
9
e.
10
17.
Adam
is looking at friendship networks among online users. Over one week, he records
the number of times people interact with each other via email. Adam wants to
see if there are groups who communicate together. What kind of analysis should
Adam try?
a.
Factor
analysis
b.
Discriminant
function analysis
c.
Cluster
analysis
d.
Path
analysis
e.
Multiple
regression.
18.
What
are some methods for conducting a cluster analysis?
a.
Single-link
b.
Farthest-neighbor
c.
Nonmetric
d.
Metric
e.
a
and b
19.
Bruce
wants to identify which new computer owners decided to pay extra for warranties.
Bruce sampled 100 new owners who purchased warranties and 100 new owners who
did not. He collected data on each respondent’s age, income, marital status,
family size, and online access. What kind of analysis should Bruce consider if
he wants to see how well these data classified people into buyers or non-buyers
of computer warranties.
a.
Factor
analysis
b.
Discriminant
function analysis
c.
Cluster
analysis
d.
Path
analysis
e.
Multiple
regression.
20.
T
F Multiple regression assumes that the
independent variables in a model are not correlated with each other.
a.
True
b.
False
21.
T
F Multiple regression, like simple
regression, produces a PRE measure.
a.
True
b.
False
22.
T
F Path analysis lets you test a
particular theory about the relationships among a set of variables.
a.
True
b.
False
23.
T
F Multidimensional scaling requires a
matrix of similarity data (a square matrix).
a.
True
b.
False