NJIT CIS475: Lesson 2
Each question has
only one best answer. Circle clearly the letter of
the best answer. If you make a mistake, cross out the circle, and write the
letter in capitals next to the question. If a question has both a capital
letter and is circled, the letter will be considered to be the answer.
1.
Which of the items below is not a variable.
a.
People.
b.
Number of years of formal education.
c.
Agreeing or not agreeing that abortion is
legal.
d.
The religion to which a person claims to
belong.
e.
Town of residence.
2.
Something that can take on more than one value
and whose values can be words or numbers is a(n):
a.
Multidimensional concept.
b.
Operational definition.
c.
Unidimensional abstraction.
d.
Complex construct.
e.
Variable.
3.
Which of the following variables is
unidimensional?
a.
Religious faith.
b.
Number of siblings.
c.
Depression.
d.
Severity of illness.
e.
Intelligence.
4.
Dichotomous variables:
a.
Have two or more values.
b.
Have two values only.
c.
Have two aspects, theoretical and practical.
d.
Are rarely used in social science.
e.
Have two dimensional values.
5.
Independent variables are those that
researchers:
a.
Assume are logically prior to dependent
variables.
b.
Know are related to the dependent variable.
c.
Assume are independent of other variables.
d.
Assume are caused by dependent variables.
e.
See as the primary focus of their studies.
6.
Which statement below is not true?
a.
Variables are measured by indicators.
b.
Indicators are measured by variables.
c.
A variable has more than one value.
d.
Indicators are defined by their values.
e.
Values can be words or numbers.
7.
The main reason scientists use operational
definitions because they:
a.
Allow scientists to make comparisons.
b.
Allow scientists to replicate each other’s
research.
c.
Allow scientists to establish what is true
from what is not.
d.
Are ethically neutral.
e.
Are more accurate than conceptual definitions.
8.
Which is not
a level of measurement?
a.
Ratio
b.
Interval
c.
Ordinal
d.
Qualitative
e.
Nominal
9.
Measuring the concept of gender as male/female
is an example of:
a.
Measuring a potentially interval or ordinal variable
as a nominal variable.
b.
Measuring a nominal variable as an interval
variable.
c.
Giving priority to psychological over social
variables.
d.
The ecological fallacy.
e.
Giving priority to conceptual over operational
variables.
10.
Nominal measures are:
a.
Exhaustive.
b.
Mutually exclusive.
c.
Mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
d.
Typically used in 1-5 opinion scales.
e.
Typically used in the study of quantitative
variables like age and income.
11.
If you
wanted to know whether person A was twice as intelligent as person B, you would
need to develop what kind of intelligence measurement?
a.
Nominal
b.
Ratio
c.
Interval
d.
Ordinal
e.
Quantitative
12.
The fundamental rule of measurement is:
a.
Always use the simplest, least
noncontroversial measures.
b.
Only use measures already well established in your
field.
c.
Always measure things at the highest level of
measurement possible.
d.
Don’t measure things at the ratio level if you
can measure them at the ordinal level.
e.
Don’t measure things quantitatively when an
appropriate qualitative measure is available.
13.
An investigator collects data on the computers
in 125 households. He finds 612 computers, with 321 desktops and 291 laptops. To
describe the number of computers per household, how many units of analysis does
he have?
a.
291
b.
321
c.
612
d.
125
e.
none of the above.
14.
You are doing a study of nurses in six
hospitals. Nurses in each hospital work in different wards and work on
different shifts. What are the units of analysis on which you should be
collecting data?
a.
Hospitals
b.
Wards
c.
Shifts
d.
Nurses
e.
None of the above.
15.
If an instrument is reliable, then it:
a.
Gives the same value you measure something
more than once
b.
Is precise
c.
Is valid
d.
Is accurate
e.
Is both accurate and valid.
16.
Which is not
a test of instrument reliability?
a.
Creating two parallel forms of a survey and
seeing how well the answers match when applied to the same person.
b.
Administering the same survey to a respondent
at two different times and seeing how well the results match.
c.
Using a split-half test.
d.
Making two different forms of a survey and
administering them to two respondents to see the degree to which the two
respondents agree with each other.
e.
Looking to see if multiple coders agree with
each other.
17.
John is trying to develop a new measure of computer use. He tests his new measure
against other measures that his research colleagues agree are valid. John is
trying to achieve what kind of validity?
a.
Construct validity
b.
Face validity
c.
Criterion validity
d.
Concept validity
e.
Known group comparison technique.
18.
Parsimony (or Ockham’s razor) is the idea in
science that:
a.
More complex, detailed studies are better than
simple, little studies.
b.
Simpler explanations and measures are
preferred over complicated ones.
c.
Simple studies are better than complex,
detailed studies.
d.
All things can be made simple.
e.
Only simple measurements are valid.
19.
T F A nominal measurement is a qualitative
measurement.
a.
True
b.
False
20.
T F Nominal measurements can be rank ordered.
a.
True
b.
False
21.
T F Units of analysis refer to the number of
people in a study.
a.
True
b.
False
22.
The covariation among age, education, and
income is called:
a.
bivariate correlation
b.
multiple regression
c.
univariate correlation
d.
multivariate correlation
e.
multiple causation.
23.
Lauren decided she wanted to examine the
effects of education on age of marriage. She used ERIC to identify all the
studies where these two variables had been measured quantitatively. She then
conducted a quantitative analysis to examine the size of education’s effect on
age of marriage. What kind of analysis was Lauren conducting?
a.
bivariate analysis
b.
multiple regression
c.
meta-analysis
d.
literature review
e.
qualitative analysis.
24.
T F Theory is about explaining and predicting
things.
a.
True
b.
False