In the standard model, mass, charge, and energy are independent properties of matter that exist for no obvious reason, except that it is so.
In a processing model, the mass, charge, and energy of matter come from the processing behind it. If matter is a standing wave of light, energy and mass are properties of that processing, and charge is the same. Mass is then the net processing that repeats at a point, charge is the net processing that doesn’t run, and energy is the rate at which processing is transferred on the network. Even empty space, which in a particle model is nothing at all, is in this model null processing. Figure 4.16 summarizes these conclusions for mass, charge, and energy based on processing as follows:
1. Space. A point of empty space is a null process on a network. The net process is zero so it has no mass, the process remainder is zero so it has no charge, and if no processing is transferred, it has no energy.
2. Photon. An extreme photon is the null process of space distributed over two points. There is a momentary net process result at each point so it has a relativistic mass, the process remainder is zero so it has no charge, but processing is transferred so it has energy.
3. Electron. An electron is a standing wave of extreme photons colliding head-to-head on one axis. There is a net process result so it has mass, the process remainder is negative so it has a negative charge, and its movement transfers processing so it has energy.
4. Neutrino. A neutrino is a standing wave of extreme photons colliding head-to-tail on one axis. There is a tiny result due to asymmetry so it has a tiny mass, the remainders cancel so it has no charge, and its movement transfers some processing so it has some energy.
5. Quark. A quark is a standing wave of three extreme photons in a plane, where an up quark is a head-tail-tail collision, and a down quark is a head-head-tail collision. The net result in both cases gives mass, the remainders give the right one-third charges for up and down, and movement transfers processing so they have energy.
6. Anti-matter. Anti-matter versions of electrons, neutrinos, and quarks arise by reversing their processing, to give the same mass but an opposite charge remainder.
Instead of making mass, charge, and energy unrelated properties of an assumed matter substance, this model relates them to quantum processing on a quantum network that also creates empty space. All the basic properties of physics then arise from processing.
