This chapter reviews how computing has evolved since it began, and what this means for the people who are designing, building and using it. Next
1.1 A Short History of Computing
1.2 Computing Levels
1.3 Levels as World Views
1.4 From Hardware to Software
1.5 From Software to People
1.6 From People to Communities
1.7 The Reductionist Dream
1.8 The Requirements Hierarchy
1.9 Design Level Combinations
1.10 The Flower of Computing
Chapter 1. Discussion Questions
Chapter 1. References