Processing explains matter and charge but what about the electron’s little brother, the neutrino? The world we see needs electrons, as without them there is no chemistry, and so no life, but it also has vast numbers of a little nothing that until recently, we didn’t even know existed. The sun floods the earth with them every day but they mostly pass through it, like ghosts, so why did nature make so many of them?
The standard model expects neutrinos to have no mass at all because they have no charge, but their tiny mass was how we detected them in the first place. When asked why neutrinos have no charge but a tiny mass, the current answer is that they just do, but we knew that already.

However a processing model offers another possibility. If an electron arises when photons collide in-phase, they can also collide out-of-phase. In Figure 4.3, when extreme photons collide out of phase, the result is that two points overload and one successfully reboots. Again, all the channels of one axis overload, but while a head-head collision gives an electron bump, a head-tail collision gives the little nothing we call a neutrino. The neutrino is then the other option of an electron-type collision, rather than a useless building block.
Why then isn’t the neutrino’s mass exactly zero, as its charge is? If the quantum network was perfectly synchronized, it would be, but as concluded earlier, the flow of light doesn’t synchronize it perfectly (2.4.4). The photons in Figure 4.5 are thus slightly out of synch, so the heads and tails don’t exactly cancel, but the remainder always does, giving a tiny mass but no charge. Over many channels, the small asynchronies vary, so neutrinos vary in mass but always have zero charge. If an electron is a bump on space, a neutrino is a smudge, whose tiny mass comes from the imperfect synchrony of the quantum network.
Table 4.2 below describes leptons in terms of what photons meet and their effect on a channel axis bandwidth. Electrons and neutrinos then overload a point of space in different ways to produce:
1. Total processing. The total processing fills the axis bandwidth, so the entity produced is stable.
2. Net processing. The net processing after opposite displacements cancel defines its mass.
3. Remainder. The net remainder after opposite displacements cancel defines its charge.
Note that a tail-tail meet isn’t possible because it implies a prior head-head meet.
In summary, extreme light can overload a point of space to give a standing wave. In the initial plasma of pure light, these collisions happened occasionally to give electrons or neutrinos, depending on the phase. Electrons and neutrinos are then brother leptons because both overload the channels of one axis, though one is something and the other almost nothing. Electrons and neutrinos were then the first matter based on light colliding in one dimension, so they are one-dimensional matter.