QR4.4 Quarks

The matter we see is made of atoms whose mass comes almost entirely from nuclei made of quarks, so quarks not electrons represent the solidity associated with matter. Their charges also come in unexpected thirds for no known reason, that then conveniently add or cancel when they combine into positive protons or neutral neutrons. One proton plus one electron then combined to form the first atom, of Hydrogen, and other atoms arose when neutrons joined protons in their nuclei, again for a currently unknown reason. Quarks and electrons are then the basis of all matter, so does the previous theory of how mass and charge arise in electrons also explain quarks? If not, it fails as a model of matter.

QR4.4.1 A Three-way Interaction

QR4.4.2 Filling a Plane

QR4.4.3 Quark Phases

QR4.4.4 The Strong Force

QR4.4.5 Protons and Neutrons

QR4.4.6 The Weak Force

QR4.4.7 The God Particle

QR4.4.8 Mass and Energy

QR4.4.9 Review

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