Physics spent much of last century trying to prove Newton’s idea that particles cause all the forces in nature. How gravity acted at a distance puzzled Newton, because no particles seemed to cause it. The standard model solved this problem by proposing that fields create virtual particles called bosons that exert forces. First the electro-magnetic field had photon bosons, then the weak field had gluon bosons, then the strong field had W bosons, and finally the Higgs field had a Higgs boson. By analogy, the standard model attributes the force of gravity to graviton bosons, despite no evidence at all. As a result, our universe is seen as fields upon fields, each creating different virtual particles that cause different forces. This section presents the alternate view that only field, the quantum field, does all the above.
QR4.5.1 Going Nowhere
QR4.5.2 The Frog in the Pan
QR4.5.3 Virtual Particles Aren’t Needed
QR4.5.4 A Model that Feeds on Data
QR4.5.5 A Particle Toolbox
QR4.5.6 The Last Standard Model
QR4.5.7 The Particle Model
QR4.5.8 A Processing Model
QR4.5.9 Testing The Theory